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Selection in Hereford cattle. II. Expected and realized response.

L N Nwakalor, J S Brinks, G V Richardson

    Journal of Animal Science
    |April 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    In Hereford cattle, inbreeding depression and heterosis significantly impacted genetic progress over 28 years. Actual genetic gains in traits like weight and growth were often below predictions, especially in inbred lines.

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    Area of Science:

    • Animal Genetics
    • Quantitative Genetics
    • Livestock Breeding

    Background:

    • Inbreeding and crossbreeding are key strategies in livestock improvement.
    • Understanding genetic progress requires evaluating both expected and realized responses.
    • Hereford cattle breeding programs aim to enhance various performance traits.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate expected and realized genetic responses in Hereford cattle.
    • To assess the impact of inbreeding and heterosis on performance traits over 28 years.
    • To compare genetic progress between inbred lines and linecross groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of data from 14 inbred lines and 14 linecross groups of Hereford cattle.
    • Evaluation of birth, weaning, and postweaning traits in males and females.
    • Regression analysis of annual trait means on years to determine phenotypic trends.

    Main Results:

    • Significant differences in trait means and variances observed between inbreds and linecrosses.
    • Inbred lines exhibited inbreeding depression and greater variability; linecrosses showed heterosis.
    • Positive phenotypic trends noted for several traits in inbreds and linecrosses, with exceptions.
    • Estimated genetic progress per generation varied, with positive gains in linecrosses but negative in most inbred traits.
    • Between-line selection improved inbreds more than linecrosses.
    • Actual genetic progress was generally below predictions.

    Conclusions:

    • Inbreeding depression and heterosis significantly influenced genetic patterns in Hereford cattle.
    • High rates of inbreeding contributed to differing response patterns between populations.
    • Sire selection was a primary driver of expected genetic progress, but realized gains lagged behind predictions.

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