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Excess supplemental choline for swine.

L L Southern, D R Brown, D D Werner

    Journal of Animal Science
    |April 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Excess choline in swine diets can negatively impact growth rates. High choline levels, particularly 6,000 ppm, slightly reduced daily gain in weanling pigs, suggesting avoidance for optimal growth.

    Area of Science:

    • Animal Nutrition
    • Swine Physiology
    • Agricultural Science

    Background:

    • Choline is an essential nutrient for swine, playing vital roles in metabolism and growth.
    • Understanding the effects of supplemental choline is crucial for optimizing swine diets.
    • Previous research has not fully elucidated the impact of excess choline on different growth phases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of excess supplemental choline on the growth performance of weanling, growing, and finishing pigs.
    • To determine the optimal level of choline supplementation for maximizing daily gain and feed utilization.
    • To identify potential adverse effects of high choline concentrations in swine diets.

    Main Methods:

    • Seven experiments were conducted with 280 crossbred pigs.

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  • Pigs were fed conventional corn-soybean meal diets with varying levels of excess choline (0 to 6,000 ppm).
  • Growth rate (daily gain) and feed utilization (feed efficiency) were measured across different growth stages.

    • Main Results:

    • A slight reduction in daily gain was observed in weanling pigs supplemented with 6,000 ppm excess choline.
    • Supplementing 2,000 ppm excess choline throughout all growth phases reduced daily gain (P < .08) but did not affect feed utilization.
    • Choline supplementation at 2,000 ppm during the growing and finishing stages alone did not impact pig gain.

    Conclusions:

    • Excess choline supplementation, especially at high levels like 6,000 ppm, should be avoided in swine diets to achieve maximum daily gain.
    • While moderate excess choline (2,000 ppm) did not impair feed efficiency, it negatively affected overall daily gain when fed throughout the entire growth period.
    • Optimizing choline levels is critical for efficient swine production and maximizing growth performance.