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Cold-Stimulus Headache in Children and Adolescents
Ilaria Bonemazzi1, Maria Federica Pelizza1, Giulia Berti1
1Juvenile Headache Center, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 28, 2023
Summary
Cold-stimulus headache (CSH) is more common in children than adults and often runs in families. This review highlights unique pediatric CSH features, suggesting it may be underdiagnosed.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pediatrics
- Headache Medicine
Background:
- Cold-stimulus headache (CSH) literature is sparse, especially in pediatric populations.
- Existing research lacks comprehensive analysis of CSH in children and adolescents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and analyze evidence on CSH in pediatric populations.
- To focus on epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatments of CSH in children and adolescents.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of 25 studies, including 9 with pediatric cases (4 pediatric, 5 mixed).
- Analysis of prevalence, family history, comorbidities, triggers, and clinical presentation.
Main Results:
- Pediatric CSH prevalence is higher than in adults and not gender-specific.
- Significant family history and comorbidity with migraine observed in pediatric CSH.
- Ingestion-triggered CSH features in children resemble adults; external cold stimulus CSH is unstudied in youth.
Conclusions:
- CSH in children is likely underestimated and presents distinct features compared to adults.
- Further research is essential to elucidate pediatric CSH clinical characteristics and pathophysiology.
- A novel pediatric case of CSH triggered by low ambient temperatures is described, highlighting an understudied aspect.
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