Laser-Treated Steel Surfaces Gliding on Snow at Different Temperatures

With the goal of substituting a hard metallic material for the soft Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) presently used to make the bases of skis for alpine skiing, we used two non-thermodynamic equilibrium surface treatments with ultra-short (7-8 ps) laser pulses to modify the surface of square plates (50 × 50 mm²) made of austenitic stainless steel AISI 301H. By irradiating with linearly polarized pulses, we obtained Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS). By laser machining, we produced a laser engraving on the surface. Both treatments produce a surface pattern parallel to one side of the sample. For both treatments, we measured with a dedicated snow tribometer the friction coefficient µ on compacted snow at different temperatures (-10 °C; -5 °C; -3 °C) for a gliding speed range between 1 and 6.1 ms^-1. We compared the obtained µ values with those of untreated AISI 301H plates and of stone grinded, waxed UHMWPE plates. At the highest temperature (-3 °C), near the snow melting point, untreated AISI 301H shows the largest µ value (0.09), much higher than that of UHMWPE (0.04). Laser treatments on AISI 301H gave lower µ values approaching UHMWPE. We studied how the surface pattern disposition, with respect to the gliding direction of the sample on snow, affects the µ trend. For LIPSS with pattern, orientation perpendicular to the gliding direction on snow µ (0.05) is comparable with that of UHMWPE. We performed field tests on snow at high temperature (from -0.5 to 0 °C) using full-size skis equipped with bases made of the same materials used for the laboratory tests. We observed a moderate difference in performance between the untreated and the LIPSS treated bases; both performed worse than UHMWPE. Waxing improved the performance of all bases, especially LIPSS treated.