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Paediatric Asthma and the Microbiome: A Systematic Review
Marwh G Aldriwesh1,2,3, Abrar M Al-Mutairi2,3,4, Azzah S Alharbi5,6
1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.
Microorganisms
|April 28, 2023
Summary
The microbiome, including upper airway and gut bacteria, is linked to asthma development. Specific bacterial groups like Proteobacteria and Firmicutes may indicate increased asthma risk in children.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Emerging evidence suggests a connection between the human microbiome and asthma pathogenesis.
- The role of the upper airway, lower airway, and gut microbiome in asthma development requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize current evidence on the association between the microbiome (upper airway, lower airway, gut) and asthma.
- To identify potential microbial signatures indicative of asthma risk.
Main Methods:
- Systematic electronic literature search of major databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, Web of Science) up to February 2022.
- Quality assessment of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and risk of bias tools.
- Analysis of microbial composition from 25 eligible studies.
Main Results:
- Higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes observed in children with asthma compared to healthy controls.
- Increased upper airway microbiome abundance of Veillonella, Prevotella, and Haemophilus in early infancy associated with later asthma development.
- Elevated gut microbiome abundance of Clostridium in early childhood potentially linked to asthma development.
Conclusions:
- Specific microbial profiles in the upper airway and gut may serve as early indicators or signatures of asthma risk.
- Further large-scale longitudinal studies are crucial for identifying high-risk infants and developing targeted prevention strategies for early-life asthma.
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