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Lignosulfonate-Based Ionic Liquids as Asphaltene Dispersants.

Ariff Mahtar1, Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon2, Cecilia Devi Wilfred3

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Summary

This study developed novel lignosulfonate-based ionic liquids (ILs) to effectively disperse problematic asphaltenes in crude oil. The synthesized ILs demonstrated high thermal stability and significantly reduced asphaltene particle size, offering a promising solution for the oil industry.

Keywords:
asphaltenedispersantionic liquidslignosulfonatepiperidinium

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Area of Science:

  • Petroleum Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Asphaltenes in crude oil cause significant challenges in oil extraction and refining due to precipitation.
  • Effective asphaltene dispersion is critical for cost-effective oil processing.
  • Lignosulfonate (LS), a byproduct of papermaking, is an abundant and underutilized resource.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel lignosulfonate-based ionic liquids (ILs) for asphaltene dispersion.
  • To investigate the structural and thermal properties of the synthesized ILs.
  • To evaluate the efficiency of these ILs in reducing asphaltene particle size and improving dispersion.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of LS-based ILs by reacting sodium lignosulfonate with piperidinium chlorides of varying alkyl chain lengths.
  • Characterization of ILs using FTIR-ATR and 1H NMR.
  • Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for thermal stability assessment.
  • Asphaltene dispersion index testing under varied conditions (time, temperature, concentration).
  • Particle size analysis and kinetic modeling of the dispersion process.

Main Results:

  • Four novel ILs ([C6C1Pip]2[LS], [C8C1Pip]2[LS], [C12C1Pip]2[LS], [C16C1Pip]2[LS]) were successfully synthesized and characterized.
  • Synthesized ILs exhibited high thermal stability, attributed to long alkyl chains and piperidinium cations.
  • All ILs showed high asphaltene dispersion indices, with [C16C1Pip]2[LS] achieving over 91.2% dispersion at 50,000 ppm.
  • The ILs effectively reduced asphaltene particle size from 51 nm to 11 nm.
  • Dispersion kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, consistent with molecular modeling.

Conclusions:

  • Novel lignosulfonate-based ionic liquids are effective asphaltene dispersants.
  • The long alkyl chain length on the piperidinium cation enhances dispersion performance.
  • These ILs offer a sustainable and efficient solution for managing asphaltene-related challenges in the oil industry.