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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants.

Sérgio Santos-Silva1, Pedro López-López2,3, Helena M R Gonçalves4,5

  • 1School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.

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Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulates in farmed ruminants, posing a potential zoonotic risk. This review summarizes HEV detection, prevalence, and genotypes in cattle, goats, and sheep, highlighting transmission concerns through animal products.

Keywords:
HEV RNAHepatitis E virusfarmed ruminantinfectionmeta-analysiszoonotic

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Food Safety
  • Zoonotic Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Swine are primary reservoirs for zoonotic Hepatitis E virus (HEV).
  • Emerging data suggests farmed ruminants may also serve as HEV reservoirs.
  • The zoonotic potential of HEV in ruminants remains unclear, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the current state of knowledge on HEV detection and characterization in farmed ruminants.
  • To assess the prevalence and genotypes of HEV in various ruminant species.
  • To evaluate the potential zoonotic implications of HEV circulation in farmed ruminants.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of 1567 papers from four databases.
  • Inclusion/exclusion criteria applied to identify 35 eligible studies.
  • Analysis focused on HEV RNA detection, prevalence, and genotyping in farmed ruminants (cattle, goats, sheep, deer, buffalo, yak).

Main Results:

  • HEV RNA was detected in farmed ruminants across Africa, America, Asia, and Europe.
  • Overall pooled HEV prevalence was 0.02%; specific prevalences were 0.01% in cows, 0.09% in goats, and 0.01% in sheep.
  • Predominant HEV genotypes identified were zoonotic HEV-3 and HEV-4, with Rocahepevirus also detected.

Conclusions:

  • Widespread HEV circulation in farmed ruminants raises concerns for zoonotic transmission via meat and dairy products.
  • Contact with infected farmed animals may represent a risk factor for HEV exposure.
  • Further research is crucial to fully understand HEV's role in ruminants and its zoonotic potential.