Solid Phase-Based Microextraction Techniques in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Pharmacology
• Clinical Toxicology

Background:

• Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, ensuring efficacy and safety.
• Drug concentration analysis aids in individualizing therapy and assessing patient adherence.
• Minimizing drug interactions and toxic effects is a key benefit of TDM.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review sample preparation techniques for drug detection in TDM.
• To highlight the advantages of miniaturized and green extraction methods.
• To focus on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as a prominent technique.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on sample preparation techniques for TDM.
• Focus on Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) as a miniaturized, solventless method.
• Discussion of fabric-phase extractions as an emerging technique.

Main Results:

• SPME, introduced in the early '90s, remains the most utilized solventless procedure for drug analysis.
• Miniaturized techniques using smaller sample volumes and solvents are of significant interest.
• SPME provides reliable results for drug quantification in various contexts.

Conclusions:

• SPME is a well-established and effective technique for drug detection in therapeutic monitoring.
• Advancements in sample preparation, like SPME, are vital for public health and patient well-being.
• Continued development of efficient and green extraction methods is essential for clinical and forensic toxicology.