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Related Concept Videos

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When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
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In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short...
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Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds
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Low-Cost Internet-of-Things Water-Quality Monitoring System for Rural Areas.

Razvan Bogdan1, Camelia Paliuc1, Mihaela Crisan-Vida1

  • 1Faculty of Automation and Computers, Politehnica University of Timișoara, 300006 Timisoara, Romania.

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Summary

This study developed a low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) system to monitor water quality. Most rural water sources were safe, but one exceeded acceptable Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels.

Keywords:
internet-of-thingslow-cost prototype solutionrural areasensorswater managementwater pollution

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Sensor Technology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Water quality monitoring is crucial for public health and environmental protection.
  • Pollutants can compromise the safety and usability of water sources.
  • Existing monitoring systems can be expensive and inaccessible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) system for real-time water quality assessment.
  • To monitor and analyze the quality of water from multiple sources in a rural settlement.
  • To identify potential water contamination issues affecting local communities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an Arduino UNO board integrated with sensors for temperature (DS18B20), pH (SEN0161), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS, SEN0244), and turbidity (SKU SEN0189).
  • Incorporated a Bluetooth module (BT04) for data transmission.
  • Developed a mobile application for system control and real-time water quality monitoring.
  • Collected and analyzed water quality data from five distinct water sources.

Main Results:

  • The developed IoT system successfully measured and reported water quality parameters.
  • Most monitored water sources met the required quality standards for consumption.
  • One water source exhibited elevated TDS levels, exceeding the 500 ppm limit.

Conclusions:

  • The low-cost IoT system is effective for monitoring rural water quality.
  • Continuous monitoring can help detect and address water contamination issues promptly.
  • Further investigation is needed for the source with high TDS to ensure water safety.