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Shoulder Muscle Activity While Swimming in Different Wetsuits and Across Different Paces.

Boram Lim1, Alina P Swafford2, Katelyn E Conroy2

  • 1Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA.

International Journal of Exercise Science
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Triathlon wetsuits do not affect shoulder muscle activity or stroke rate. Swimming pace, however, significantly influences both anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid muscle activity, and stroke rate.

Keywords:
Triathlon wetsuitelectromyograph (EMG)front crawl

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Triathlon wetsuits offer thermoregulation and buoyancy during swimming.
  • The impact of wetsuit use on shoulder muscle activity remains under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of different triathlon wetsuit types on shoulder muscle activity.
  • To assess changes in anterior deltoid and posterior deltoid muscle activation during front crawl swimming.
  • To determine the effect of wetsuit conditions and swimming pace on stroke rate.

Main Methods:

  • Eight participants (5 male, 3 female) swam front crawl under four wetsuit conditions: full-sleeve wetsuit (FSW), sleeveless wetsuit (SLW), buoyancy shorts (BS), and no wetsuit (NWS).
  • Three subjective swimming paces (slow, medium, fast) were used across twelve total swim conditions in a 25-m pool.
  • Wireless waterproof electromyography (EMG) measured anterior deltoid (AD) and posterior deltoid (PD) muscle activity; stroke rate (SR) was calculated.

Main Results:

  • No significant interaction was found between wetsuit conditions and swimming paces for any measured variable (p > 0.05).
  • Both AD and PD muscle activity, along with SR, were significantly influenced by swimming pace (p < 0.05).
  • Wetsuit conditions did not significantly affect AD, PD muscle activity, or SR (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • The type of triathlon wetsuit worn does not alter shoulder muscle activity (anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid) or stroke rate.
  • Swimming pace is a significant factor affecting shoulder muscle engagement and stroke efficiency in triathletes.
  • Findings suggest that triathletes can focus on pace rather than wetsuit type for optimizing shoulder muscle recruitment during swimming.