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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice
Published on: August 25, 2015
Endoscopic interventions in the management of the gastroesophageal reflux: a narrative review
Andrew Akcelik1, Claire Miller1, Charles Bakhos2
1Department of General Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine and Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
Objective:
The goal of this review is to describe and compare current and historic endoscopic interventions for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Background:
The prevalence of GERD affects a large portion of the population. Nearly half of those treated with conservative medical therapy have refractory symptoms of reflux. Surgery is a durable solution for reflux, however, it is an invasive procedure and classical fundoplication comes with its own share of side effects and complications. In this review, we will discuss the advantages and pitfalls of available endoscopic procedures, and describe medium-term (up to several years) outcomes.
Methods:
Literature search of the PubMed database, including the years 1999 to 2021 was performed with search terms to reflect the described devices in the review. Individual review of retrieved references was performed for additional sources. Thorough review of societal guidelines was also conducted in preparation of this manuscript.
Conclusions:
Gastroesophageal reflux is a common problem in the United States and worldwide, and its prevalence continues to increase. Within the last two decades, there have been several new endoscopic modalities introduced for the management of this disease. Here, we present a focused review of endoscopic gastroesophageal reflux interventions, its advantages and pitfalls. Surgeons focusing on the foregut conditions should be aware of these procedures as they may provide a minimally invasive option for the selected group of patients.
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