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Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Reut Gruber1,2, Liron Salamon3, Riva Tauman4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Nature and Science of Sleep
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and insomnia are common in adolescents with and without ADHD. Objective sleep measures revealed similar sleep disturbances in those at high risk for DSPS or with insomnia, irrespective of ADHD diagnosis.

Keywords:
actigraphydelayed sleep phaseinsomniasubjective sleep measures

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and insomnia are prevalent in adolescents, often co-occurring with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Previous research has inconsistently linked objective and subjective sleep measures in adolescents with ADHD.
  • Limited data exists on the specific prevalence of DSPS and insomnia in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of risk for DSPS and insomnia in adolescents with and without ADHD.
  • To compare objective sleep characteristics based on DSPS risk and insomnia levels, independent of ADHD diagnosis.
  • To examine ADHD symptom severity in relation to DSPS risk and insomnia levels.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 73 adolescents (aged 12-15 years), with 37 diagnosed with ADHD and 36 controls.
  • Objective sleep parameters were measured using actigraphy.
  • Subjective sleep parameters were assessed through parent and adolescent self-reports.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 33.33% of adolescents with ADHD and 27% of controls exhibited moderate to high risk for DSPS.
  • Adolescents at high risk for DSPS showed delayed sleep schedules and increased variability in sleep duration, time in bed, and sleep efficiency, irrespective of ADHD status.
  • Increased insomnia was associated with longer time in bed and more variable sleep efficiency, regardless of ADHD diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of moderate to high risk for DSPS is comparable between adolescents with and without ADHD.
  • Objective sleep findings align with subjective reports when considering the type and severity of sleep disturbance.
  • ADHD symptom levels did not differ between adolescents with low versus moderate/high risk for DSPS or insomnia.