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Muhammad Sabbah1,2,3

  • 1Biomedicinsk Institut, Københavns Universitet.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Expert clinicians rely on intuitive (System 1) and analytical (System 2) thinking for diagnosis. This review explores using first principles reasoning to enhance System 2 thinking and reduce diagnostic errors in experienced clinicians.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Medical Education
  • Clinical Reasoning

Background:

  • Expert clinicians utilize both intuitive (System 1) and analytical (System 2) reasoning for diagnosis.
  • Experience often leads clinicians to favor System 1, increasing the risk of diagnostic errors.
  • System 2 thinking offers a potential avenue for mitigating these errors.

Conclusions:

  • Enhancing System 2 thinking through methods like first principles reasoning may improve diagnostic accuracy.
  • Deliberate engagement of analytical thought processes is crucial for overcoming cognitive biases in experienced clinicians.
  • Further research is warranted on implementing and evaluating first principles reasoning in clinical settings.