The risk factors for food allergy in infants with atopic dermatitis

There is a lack of information about which risk factors accompany food allergy (FA) in infants with atopic dermatitis (AD). We hypothesized that we would be able to predict FA through risk factors in infants with AD.

This prospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed with infants aged 1-12 months with newly diagnosed AD. The SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Infants` Dermatitis Quality Of Life (IDQOL), and Family Dermatological Life Quality (FDLQ) index scores were calculated at first admission. We developed a new tool, Sites of Eczema (SoE), to score sites of eczema on the body.

A total of 279 infants with AD were included. FA was found in 166 (59.5%) infants with AD, of whom 112 had single and 54 had multiple FAs. The SCORAD index, EASI scores, IDQOL1, IDQOL2, and FDQL, and SoE scores were higher in the subgroup with FA compared to that without FA (p < 0.001). In the multivariate regression model, eosinophil count (odds ratio [OR]=1.00, 95% confidence interval: [CI, 1.00-1.00]; p=0.008), serum total IgE level (OR=1.02, 95% CI: [1.00-1.03]; p=0.002), pruritus score (OR=0.87, 95% CI: [0.77-0.97]; p=0.019), SCORAD index (OR=1.04, 95% CI: [1.01-1.08]; p=0.008), FDQL index (OR=1.09, 95% CI: [1.01-1.18]; p=0.014), and SoE score (OR=1.48, 95% CI: [1.00-2.19]; p=0.046) were identified as the highest risk factors for FA in infants with AD.

Serum total IgE levels, eosinophil counts and ratio, SCORAD index and EASI scores, IDQOL and FDLQ index, pruritus and sleep disturbance scores, and SoE scores were identified as risk factors for FA in infants with AD in this study. The SoE score is an important risk factor for FA in infants with AD. We recommend that the risk factors for FA in patients with AD guide the management of these patients.