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Frost Action on Concrete01:27

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Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
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Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside
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Priming effect stimulates carbon release from thawed permafrost.

Mei He1, Qinlu Li1,2, Leiyi Chen1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Global Change Biology
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Climate warming causes permafrost thaw, releasing carbon dioxide (CO2). A positive priming effect, where thawing stimulates decomposition, was observed, potentially amplifying the permafrost carbon-climate feedback.

Keywords:
carbon cyclecarbon emissionclimate warmingpermafrost thawpriming effectsoil carbon

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Climate Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Climate warming drives permafrost thaw, releasing stored carbon as CO2.
  • This release contributes to a positive permafrost carbon-climate feedback loop.
  • Uncertainty exists in feedback magnitude due to limited understanding of the priming effect on CO2 release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the priming effect on carbon dioxide release from thawing permafrost.
  • To quantify the potential CO2 emissions from permafrost thaw under future climate scenarios.
  • To assess the implications for the permafrost carbon-climate feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Collected permafrost samples from 24 sites on the Tibetan Plateau.
  • Conducted laboratory incubations to measure carbon decomposition rates.
  • Coupled active layer thickness projections with soil carbon density data to estimate future carbon stocks and priming potentials.

Main Results:

  • A positive priming effect (up to 31% increase in decomposition) was detected upon permafrost thaw.
  • Priming effect intensified with increasing permafrost carbon density.
  • Estimated thawed carbon stocks to reach 1.3 Pg C by 2061-2080 under high emissions (RCP 8.5).
  • Predicted regional priming potentials of 10.0 Tg C year⁻¹ by 2061-2080 under RCP 8.5.

Conclusions:

  • The priming effect significantly enhances CO2 release from thawing permafrost.
  • This effect has the potential to substantially amplify the permafrost carbon-climate feedback.
  • Accurate modeling of permafrost carbon dynamics requires incorporating the priming effect.