Intestinal failure among adults and children: Similarities and differences

Intestinal failure (IF) is a complex medical condition that is caused by a constellation of disorders, resulting in the gut's inability to adequately absorb fluids and nutrients to sustain hydration, growth, and survival, thereby requiring the use of parenteral fluid and/or nutrition. Significant advancements in intestinal rehabilitation have resulted in improved survival rates for individuals with IF. There are distinct differences, however, related to etiology, adaptive potential and complications, and medical and surgical management when comparing children with adults. The purpose of this review is to contrast the similarities and differences between these two distinct groups and provide insight for future directions, as a growing population of pediatric patients will cross into the adult world for IF management.