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Exploring Knowledge and Awareness of HCV Infection and Screening Test: A Cross-Sectional Survey Among an Italian
Giuseppina Lo Moro1, Giacomo Scaioli1,2, Lorenzo Vola1
1Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Journal of Community Health
|April 28, 2023
Summary
Hepatitis C (HCV) knowledge is low in Italy, especially regarding prevention and transmission. Targeted campaigns are needed, particularly for vulnerable groups like LGBT males, to improve HCV screening awareness.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Hepatitis C (HCV) is a significant public health concern in Europe, with Italy having the highest prevalence.
- Understanding public knowledge and screening awareness is crucial for effective intervention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess knowledge of HCV infection and awareness of screening tests in Italy before 2022 awareness campaigns.
- To identify factors associated with knowledge levels and screening awareness.
Main Methods:
- An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022.
- Key metrics included Disease Knowledge Score (DKS), Prevention and Transmission Knowledge Score (PTKS), and awareness of HCV screening.
- 813 participants completed the survey.
Main Results:
- Median DKS was 75%, while median PTKS was 46.2%, indicating a significant gap in prevention and transmission knowledge.
- 23.2% of participants were unaware of HCV screening availability.
- Higher education and personal/family history of HCV were linked to better knowledge, while LGBT males showed lower DKS.
Conclusions:
- A notable deficit in HCV prevention and transmission knowledge exists in the Italian population.
- Targeted educational interventions are necessary to improve awareness and screening uptake.
- Male LGBT+ individuals represent a vulnerable group requiring specific outreach and education.
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