Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency01:11

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

1.5K
The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession,...
1.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.0K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
1.0K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

691
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
691
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.1K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

338
Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers...
338
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

2.2K
All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Vibrational infrared and Raman spectra of the methanol molecule with equivariant neural-network property surfaces.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Long-term cardiovascular mortality risk of hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease in a general Japanese population: NIPPON DATA90.

Endocrine·2026
Same author

Detecting Dark Matter Using Optically Trapped Rydberg Atom Tweezer Arrays.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Individual Variability in Physiological Responses and Psychological Conditions Associated With Methamphetamine Use: Pilot Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Using a Wearable Device and Self-Monitoring Mobile App.

JMIR formative research·2026
Same author

Parent-child discrepancies in screening for Internet Gaming Disorder: Evidence from a clinical sample of Japanese adolescents.

PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences·2026
Same author

The cortical and subcortical brain regions influence multitasking skills using immersive virtual reality simulation in experienced nurses.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
11:45

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Published on: August 17, 2017

14.5K

Observation of an Inner-Shell Orbital Clock Transition in Neutral Ytterbium Atoms.

Taiki Ishiyama1, Koki Ono1, Tetsushi Takano1

  • 1Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers observed a new optical transition in ytterbium atoms, crucial for developing advanced optical lattice clocks and quantum sensors. This finding enhances precision measurements and opens avenues for exploring physics beyond the standard model.

More Related Videos

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

6.8K
Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
07:24

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

Published on: May 10, 2021

6.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
11:45

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Published on: August 17, 2017

14.5K
Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

6.8K
Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
07:24

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

Published on: May 10, 2021

6.2K

Area of Science:

  • Atomic Physics
  • Quantum Metrology
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Atomic ytterbium exhibits a weakly allowed optical transition.
  • This transition is proposed for frequency standards and quantum sensing.
  • Understanding isotope-specific properties is key for precision applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the optical transition in ytterbium isotopes.
  • To determine magic wavelengths and trap lifetimes for optical lattice clocks.
  • To investigate potential applications in fundamental physics research.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of optical transitions in all stable ytterbium isotopes.
  • Measurement of scalar and tensor polarizabilities to find magic wavelengths.
  • Determination of the g factor via interleaved measurements.

Main Results:

  • Resolved Zeeman and hyperfine structures for the 4f^{13}5d6s^{2} (J=2) metastable state.
  • Measured trap lifetime of 1.9(1) s in a 3D optical lattice.
  • Consistent g factor determination with relativistic atomic calculations.

Conclusions:

  • The observed transition is suitable for advanced optical lattice clocks.
  • This work provides critical data for quantum sensing and metrology.
  • Opens new possibilities for testing physics beyond the standard model.