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Breastfeeding Characteristics and Duration of Feeding Human Milk in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease
Sarah M Russel1, Rachelle Lessen, Alisha J Rovner
1Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark (Mss Russel and Delahanty and Drs Rovner and Trabulsi); Department of Lactation, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Ms Lessen); and Pueblo Department of Public Health & Environment, Pueblo, Colorado (Ms Hollowell).
Insights
Mothers of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) who perceived insufficient milk experienced shorter exclusive human milk feeding. Supporting milk production is key for these infants.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Neonatology
- Lactation Science
Background:
- Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) can breastfeed.
- Factors influencing human milk feeding in infants with CHD are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate breastfeeding characteristics.
- To determine relationships between characteristics and human milk feeding exclusivity and duration in infants with CHD.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of breastfeeding data from 75 infants with CHD.
- Study focused on human milk type and infant growth in the first year.
Main Results:
- Mothers reporting insufficient milk led to shorter exclusive human milk feeding duration (P = .04).
- Average daily milk volume at 1 month correlated positively with exclusive and any human milk feeding duration (β = .07, P = .04).
Conclusions:
- Future support for human milk feeding in infants with CHD should focus on enhancing milk production.
- Strategies to maximize human milk production are recommended.
Background:
Although infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are able to breastfeed successfully, the factors that affect feeding human milk across the first year are not well established.
Purpose:
The objective of this study was to examine breastfeeding characteristics and their relationships to the exclusivity and duration of feeding human milk among infants with CHD.
Methods:
Breastfeeding characteristics data from a cohort of 75 infants with CHD enrolled in a study that examined relationships among milk type and infant growth in the first year of life were analyzed.
Results:
Infants whose mothers reported not having enough milk were exclusively fed human milk for a shorter duration than those who did not have this challenge ( P = .04); however, the duration of feeding any human milk did not differ ( P = .18). Average daily volume expressed at 1 month was positively related to the duration of exclusive human milk (β = .07, P = .04) and any human milk (β = .07, P = .04) feeding.
Conclusions:
Future efforts to support feeding human milk in infants with CHD should emphasize practices that support maximal human milk production.
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