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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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An Artificial Olfactory System Based on a Chemi-Memristive Device.

Suk Yeop Chun1,2, Young Geun Song1, Ji Eun Kim1,3

  • 1Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02791, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|April 28, 2023
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Summary

This study introduces a novel chemi-memristive gas sensor with oxygen vacancy dynamics, enabling fast, hysteretic responses for artificial olfactory systems. This bioinspired device mimics the human nose, paving the way for advanced artificial intelligence applications.

Keywords:
artificial olfactory systemsgas sensorshysteresismemristorsolfactory synapses

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Neuromorphic olfactory systems offer immense potential but are limited by conventional gas sensor functionalities.
  • Existing gas sensors lack the necessary dynamics for advanced bioinspired computing.
  • Mimicking the human olfactory system requires sensors with enhanced sensing properties and memory functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a novel hysteretic chemi-memristive gas sensor.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional gas sensors in neuromorphic applications.
  • To enable device-level olfactory systems capable of monitoring gas stimulus history.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a chemi-memristive gas sensor utilizing oxygen vacancy dynamics.
  • Investigation of memristive switching operations and their effect on gas molecule reactions.
  • Experimental demonstration of device-level olfactory systems and synaptic functionalities.

Main Results:

  • The proposed sensor exhibits fast response, short recovery times, and hysteretic gas response at room temperature.
  • Oxygen vacancy dynamics enhance redox reactions and sensing properties.
  • The device successfully converts gas stimuli into synaptic weights, demonstrating typical synaptic functionalities.

Conclusions:

  • The hysteretic chemi-memristive gas sensor represents a significant advancement in bioinspired artificial intelligence.
  • This technology enables the creation of olfactory systems with memory capabilities.
  • The device offers a pathway towards more sophisticated artificial intelligence systems mimicking biological functions.