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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Boosting the interfacial superionic conduction of halide solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries.

Hiram Kwak1, Jae-Seung Kim2, Daseul Han3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.

Nature Communications
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New halide nanocomposite solid electrolytes (HNSEs) offer enhanced ionic conductivity and stability for all-solid-state batteries. These advanced materials improve performance and compatibility, paving the way for next-generation energy storage solutions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing stable and highly conductive inorganic solid electrolytes is essential for advancing all-solid-state batteries.
  • Cost-effective materials are key for the commercial viability of solid-state battery technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel halide nanocomposite solid electrolytes (HNSEs) with improved ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability.
  • To investigate the mechanisms behind enhanced interfacial conduction in these HNSEs.
  • To evaluate the performance of HNSEs in all-solid-state battery configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of ZrO2(-ACl)-A2ZrCl6 (A=Li or Na) HNSEs via a mechanochemical method using Li2O.
  • Characterization using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and 6Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
  • Assembly and testing of Li-In||LiNi0.88Co0.11Mn0.01O2 all-solid-state battery cells.

Main Results:

  • HNSEs exhibited enhanced ionic conductivities for Li+ (0.40 to 1.3 mS cm-1) and Na+ (0.011 to 0.11 mS cm-1) at 30°C compared to parent A2ZrCl6 materials.
  • Mechanochemical synthesis created nanostructured networks promoting interfacial superionic conduction, attributed to interfacial oxygen-substituted compounds.
  • A fluorinated HNSE (ZrO2-2Li2Cl5F) demonstrated improved high-voltage stability and compatibility with Li6PS5Cl and oxide cathodes.
  • An all-solid-state cell achieved a specific discharge of 115 mAh g-1 after nearly 2000 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HNSEs represent a promising advancement in solid electrolyte materials for all-solid-state batteries.
  • The study elucidates the crucial role of interfacial engineering and specific chemical compositions in boosting ionic transport.
  • These findings contribute to the development of safer, more efficient, and durable solid-state energy storage devices.