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Related Concept Videos

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Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Solubility03:00

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
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Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
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Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars
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Omniphobic liquid-like surfaces.

Liwei Chen1,2, Shilin Huang1,2, Robin H A Ras3,4

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymer Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.

Nature Reviews. Chemistry
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid-like surfaces offer dynamic omniphobicity, repelling various liquids. These surfaces provide a novel alternative to conventional coatings, enabling new applications by controlling interface properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Expanding research focuses on liquid-repellent surfaces, particularly smooth solids with grafted polymer brushes or alkyl monolayers.
  • Surface-tethered flexible species exhibit high mobility, imparting liquid-like properties and dynamic repellency to solid surfaces.
  • Liquid-like surfaces (LLSs) present an alternative to air-mediated or lubricant-mediated surfaces, bypassing fabrication and loss issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce liquid-like surfaces (LLSs) and their dynamic omniphobic mechanisms.
  • Emphasize fundamental principles of LLS design and the impact of their liquid-like nature on applications.
  • Provide an overview of challenges and opportunities for omniphobic LLSs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on liquid-repellent surfaces and LLSs.
  • Analysis of surface design principles for achieving liquid-like properties.
  • Discussion of experimental and theoretical approaches to characterize LLS behavior.

Main Results:

  • LLSs exhibit dynamic omniphobicity, repelling liquids irrespective of surface tension due to mobile surface molecules.
  • The liquid-like molecular layer significantly influences interface properties like slip, friction, and adhesion.
  • LLSs offer advantages over traditional superhydrophobic/superoleophobic and slippery surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • LLSs represent a promising class of surfaces with unique dynamical repellency and tunable interface properties.
  • The liquid-like nature of these surfaces opens avenues for novel functions and applications.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and fully exploit the opportunities in omniphobic LLS development.