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Metal Contamination and Biomarkers in Cerastoderma glaucum: A Multi-level Approach.

Sahar Karray1,2, Justine Marchand3, Alain Geffard4

  • 1Université du Maine - Le Mans, EA 2460 Mer Molécules Santé, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral - FR3473 CNRS, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France. karraysahar@yahoo.fr.

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Metal contamination in Tunisia

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Coastal ecosystems face increasing metal pollution.
  • Bivalve mollusks like the cockle (Cerastoderma glaucum) are sensitive indicators of marine pollution.
  • Understanding cockle responses to metals is crucial for assessing ecosystem health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the physiological, bioaccumulation, reproductive, and gene expression responses of Cerastoderma glaucum to varying metal contamination levels.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for in situ monitoring of metal pollution impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Field collection of cockles from three Tunisian sites with different metal contamination levels.
  • Assessment of physiological condition (condition index, mortality under anoxia).
  • Quantification of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) bioaccumulation.
  • Histological analysis of gametogenesis and sexual maturity.
  • Gene expression analysis of stress-responsive genes (HSP70, CAT, COI, metallothionein, SODs, ABCB1).

Main Results:

  • Cockles from contaminated sites showed reduced physiological status, skewed sex ratios towards females, and increased mortality.
  • Metal bioaccumulation (Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni) correlated positively with site contamination levels.
  • Histological analysis revealed minimal changes in gametogenesis and sexual maturity.
  • Gene expression patterns varied: HSP70 decreased with pollution, while CAT and COI significantly increased in contaminated sites.

Conclusions:

  • Physiological condition, sex ratio shifts, and specific gene expression changes (HSP70, CAT, COI) in Cerastoderma glaucum serve as effective biomarkers for in situ metal pollution assessment.
  • These biomarkers, when combined with proteomics, can enhance the understanding of metal toxicity in marine environments.
  • The study highlights the sensitivity of cockles to metal contamination in the Gulf of Gabes.