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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Chitosan derived efficient and stable Pd nano-catalyst for high efficiency hydrogenation.

Xingli Zheng¹, Yan Li², Wendian Li²

¹School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

|April 29, 2023

Summary

This study developed novel chitosan-supported palladium (Pd) nano-catalysts from seafood waste. These green catalysts demonstrate excellent activity and reusability for hydrogenation reactions, supporting sustainable chemistry.

Keywords:

Biomass chitosan Hydrogenation Supported palladium catalyst

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Published on: June 24, 2022

Area of Science:

Green Chemistry and Catalysis
Materials Science
Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

Developing green and efficient supported catalysts is crucial for sustainable chemistry and carbon neutrality.
Chitosan (CS), a renewable biopolymer derived from chitin in seafood waste, offers a promising eco-friendly support material.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and synthesize novel chitosan-supported palladium (Pd) nano-catalysts (Pd@CS) using different activation methods.
To evaluate the catalytic performance of Pd@CS in the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol and other aromatic aldehydes.

Main Methods:

Utilized chitosan derived from seafood waste as a support for palladium nanoparticles.
Employed diverse characterization techniques to confirm uniform dispersion and stability of Pd nanoparticles on chitosan.
Tested the catalytic activity of Pd@CS in hydrogenation reactions, comparing it with commercial and unsupported catalysts.

Main Results:

Pd nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on chitosan microspheres, leveraging chitosan's porous structure and functional groups.
The synthesized Pd@CS catalysts exhibited competitive and excellent catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol.
Pd@CS demonstrated superior performance compared to commercial Pd/C, unsupported nano-Pd, and Pd(OAc)₂ catalysts.

Conclusions:

Chitosan-supported palladium nano-catalysts show high efficiency, good reusability, and long-term stability.
These catalysts possess broad applicability in the selective hydrogenation of aromatic aldehydes, indicating significant potential for green industrial catalysis.