Effects of continuous tactile stimulation on auditory-evoked cortical responses depend on the audio-tactile phase

Auditory perception can benefit from stimuli in non-auditory sensory modalities, as for example in lip-reading. Compared with such visual influences, tactile influences are still poorly understood. It has been shown that single tactile pulses can enhance the perception of auditory stimuli depending on their relative timing, but whether and how such brief auditory enhancements can be stretched in time with more sustained, phase-specific periodic tactile stimulation is still unclear. To address this question, we presented tactile stimulation that fluctuated coherently and continuously at 4 Hz with an auditory noise (either in-phase or anti-phase) and assessed its effect on the cortical processing and perception of an auditory signal embedded in that noise. Scalp-electroencephalography recordings revealed an enhancing effect of in-phase tactile stimulation on cortical responses phase-locked to the noise and a suppressive effect of anti-phase tactile stimulation on responses evoked by the auditory signal. Although these effects appeared to follow well-known principles of multisensory integration of discrete audio-tactile events, they were not accompanied by corresponding effects on behavioral measures of auditory signal perception. Our results indicate that continuous periodic tactile stimulation can enhance cortical processing of acoustically-induced fluctuations and mask cortical responses to an ongoing auditory signal. They further suggest that such sustained cortical effects can be insufficient for inducing sustained bottom-up auditory benefits.