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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Mitochondria01:37

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy
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Sarcopenia and Ageing.

Keith Yu-Kin Cheng1, Zhengyuan Bao1,2, Yufeng Long1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|April 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcopenia, a disease of muscle aging, involves muscle mass and strength loss. This review covers its diagnosis, causes like mitochondrial dysfunction, and treatments including exercise and supplements.

Keywords:
Intramuscular fat infiltrationMitochondrial dysfunctionMuscle massMuscle strengthMyosteatosisNeuromuscular junctionNutritionPhysical exerciseSarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Musculoskeletal Health

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal aging presents significant health challenges, with muscle and bone comprising over half of body weight.
  • Age-related muscle decline leads to sarcopenia, defined by progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, increasing adverse outcome risks.
  • Sarcopenia was officially recognized as a disease in 2016 (ICD-10-CM code: M62.84).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize and appraise current evidence on sarcopenia.
  • To cover clinical aspects, pathogenesis, and treatments for sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical signs, symptoms, screening, and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.
  • Analysis of sarcopenia pathogenesis, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction, intramuscular fat infiltration, and neuromuscular junction deterioration.
  • Evaluation of current therapeutic interventions, including physical exercise and nutritional supplements.

Main Results:

  • Recent consensus panels have updated sarcopenia definitions, driving new research.
  • Emerging studies investigate sarcopenia's pathogenesis and explore novel interventions and combination treatments.
  • Evidence is appraised across clinical diagnosis, underlying mechanisms, and treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcopenia is a recognized disease with evolving definitions and active research.
  • Understanding pathogenesis, including mitochondrial issues and neuromuscular changes, is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Physical exercise and nutritional supplementation are key components of current sarcopenia management strategies.