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Hyperglycemia and prematurity: a narrative review

Dimitrios Angelis1, Mambarambath A Jaleel2, Luc P Brion2

  • 1Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. dimitrios.angelis@utsouthwestern.edu.

Pediatric Research
|April 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) is common in extremely preterm newborns due to immature metabolism. While linked to adverse outcomes, causality and optimal treatment for this condition remain unclear.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Endocrinology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hyperglycemia is frequently observed in extremely preterm infants.
  • Physiological causes include immaturity of glucose metabolism pathways.
  • Existing research lacks definitive evidence for causality between hyperglycemia and adverse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between hyperglycemia and organ development in preterm newborns.
  • To explore the association between hyperglycemia and immediate/long-term outcomes.
  • To discuss current treatment options and identify knowledge gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on hyperglycemia in extremely preterm newborns.
  • Analysis of data on organ development and clinical outcomes.
  • Synthesis of information on treatment strategies and research needs.

Main Results:

  • Hyperglycemia is common and less understood than hypoglycemia in this population.
  • Immature cellular pathways contribute to glucose dysregulation.
  • Observed associations with adverse outcomes require further investigation for causality.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding hyperglycemia in preterm infants is complicated by varying definitions and treatments.
  • Further research is needed to establish causality and optimize management.
  • Clarifying the impact of hyperglycemia on development and outcomes is crucial.

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