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Related Concept Videos

Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
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Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry01:21

Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry

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When a structural member undergoes plastic deformation due to bending, it is crucial to understand the position of the neutral axis and the stress distribution. This member, characterized by a single plane of symmetry, exhibits a uniform stress distribution, with negative stress above the neutral axis and positive stress below. Notably, the neutral axis does not align with the centroid of the cross-section. This misalignment is typical in cases where the cross-section is not rectangular or...
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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

158
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

The Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste Plastic Fractions on Wood-Polymer Composite Properties
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Rethinking plastic recycling: A comparison between North America and Europe.

Joe Ackerman1, David B Levin1

  • 1Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Journal of Environmental Management
|April 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plastic recycling rates are low due to economic and regulatory hurdles, especially in North America compared to the EU. Policy changes like restricting offshore shipping and mandating recycled content could boost plastic recycling.

Keywords:
LandfillPlastic pollutionPlasticsPolymersRecycling

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Plastic proliferation poses a significant societal challenge, exacerbated by inadequate recycling infrastructure.
  • Current plastic recycling efforts face substantial economic, physical, and regulatory obstacles, leading to poor recycling rates, particularly in North America.
  • The microplastic threat underscores the urgency of addressing plastic waste and improving recycling efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze the key challenges hindering effective plastic recycling.
  • To compare plastic recycling rates and infrastructure between North America and the European Union.
  • To explore potential policy interventions for enhancing plastic recycling and circularity.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of plastic waste management policies and economic factors in the EU and North America.
  • Identification of obstacles in plastic recycling, including market prices, contamination, and export practices.
  • Review of existing and emerging technologies for processing diverse plastic waste streams.

Main Results:

  • The European Union exhibits higher plastic recycling rates than North America, attributed to more expensive waste disposal methods (landfilling, incineration).
  • Higher end-of-life disposal costs in the EU incentivize recycling, fostering innovation and specialized processing for challenging plastic types.
  • North American recycling infrastructure is geared towards exporting low-value plastic waste, unlike the EU's more developed domestic processing capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Economic incentives, particularly higher disposal costs, significantly influence recycling rates and drive innovation in plastic waste management.
  • Policy interventions, such as restrictions on offshore export and mandates for recycled content, are crucial for increasing both the supply and demand for recycled plastics.
  • Achieving true circularity in plastic waste management requires addressing systemic issues beyond collection and sorting, including end-of-life processing and market development.