Guidelines for the estimation and reporting of plasmid conjugation rates

Conjugation is a central characteristic of plasmid biology and an important mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. However, there is little consensus on how to accurately estimate and report plasmid conjugation rates, in part due to the wide range of available methods. Given the similarity between approaches, we propose general reporting guidelines for plasmid conjugation experiments. These constitute best practices based on recent literature about plasmid conjugation and methods to measure conjugation rates. In addition to the general guidelines, we discuss common theoretical assumptions underlying existing methods to estimate conjugation rates and provide recommendations on how to avoid violating these assumptions. We hope this will aid the implementation and evaluation of conjugation rate measurements, and initiate a broader discussion regarding the practice of quantifying plasmid conjugation rates.