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Related Concept Videos

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification01:29

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification

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Spasmolytic agents are drugs used to alleviate muscle spasms and spasticity. They can be categorized into different chemical groups based on their mechanisms of action. Centrally acting spasmolytics primarily affect the spinal cord, while others directly target skeletal muscle cells.
A major class of centrally acting spasmolytics is the α2-agonist, such as tizanidine. These drugs bind to α2-adrenoceptors, inhibiting the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They also...
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Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

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Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
758
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

527
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
527
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison01:09

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

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Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants can be further divided into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic...
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Spasticity Interventions: Decision-Making and Management.

Joline E Brandenburg1, Amy E Rabatin1, Sherilyn W Driscoll1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|April 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spasticity, a condition of increased muscle tone due to central nervous system issues, affects children

Keywords:
BaclofenBotulinum toxinChildrenComplicationsFunctionPhenolSpasticityTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Spasticity originates from central nervous system abnormalities, presenting as velocity-dependent muscle hypertonia.
  • In pediatric populations, spasticity can lead to significant functional limitations, motor developmental delays, and musculoskeletal alterations.
  • The dynamic nature of a child's developing nervous system and body can alter the presentation of spasticity over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of pediatric spasticity.
  • To detail the impact of spasticity on child development and function.
  • To outline current and emerging treatment modalities for childhood spasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric spasticity.
  • Analysis of developmental and functional impacts.
  • Categorization of treatment interventions.

Main Results:

  • Spasticity in children impairs motor milestones and participation.
  • Maturation of the pediatric central nervous system influences spasticity perception.
  • A range of treatments exist, from physical therapy to neurosurgery.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric spasticity requires tailored management due to developmental factors.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are crucial for addressing functional impairments.
  • Interventions aim to improve motor function, participation, and quality of life.