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Corneal layer thickness in keratoconus using optical coherence tomography.

Zahra Heidari1,2, Mehrdad Mohammadpour2,3, Fedra Hajizadeh2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Clinical & Experimental Optometry
|April 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) accurately measures corneal layer thickness to detect keratoconus (KCN) and subclinical keratoconus (SKCN). Central corneal stromal thinning is the most sensitive indicator for early SKCN detection.

Keywords:
Corneal thicknesskeratoconusoptical coherence tomographysubclinical keratoconus

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Corneal Diseases

Background:

  • Accurate corneal layer thickness measurement using anterior segment OCT is crucial for visual outcomes.
  • Understanding OCT applications is essential for optometric practices to enhance eye care.
  • Keratoconus (KCN) and subclinical keratoconus (SKCN) are corneal conditions affecting vision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate corneal layer thicknesses using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
  • To identify keratoconus (KCN) and subclinical keratoconus (SKCN) based on corneal layer measurements.
  • To assess the diagnostic accuracy of SD-OCT parameters for KCN and SKCN detection.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 60 eyes with KCN, 48 with SKCN, and 53 normal eyes.
  • Measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT) and individual corneal layer thicknesses (epithelium, Bowman, stroma, Descemet-endothelium) via SD-OCT.
  • Statistical analysis including ANOVA and AUC to evaluate diagnostic performance.

Main Results:

  • Corneal layers, particularly the stroma, were significantly thinner in KCN and SKCN groups compared to normal eyes (P < 0.001).
  • Central corneal thickness (CCT) showed high AUC for KCN (0.90) and SKCN (0.782).
  • Stromal thickness demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy for KCN (AUC 0.871) and SKCN (AUC 0.751).

Conclusions:

  • CCT effectively distinguishes KCN from normal eyes.
  • Central corneal stromal thinning is the most sensitive marker for early SKCN detection.
  • Standardized stromal maps could aid in the detection of SKCN.