Prospective Evaluation of a Multibeat Analysis Cardiac Index Estimation in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock

The decision algorithm for managing patients in cardiogenic shock depends on cardiac index (CI) estimates. Cardiac index estimation via thermodilution (CI-TD) using a pulmonary artery catheter is used commonly for obtaining CI in these patients. Minimally invasive methods of estimating CI, such as multibeat analysis (CI-MBA), may be an alternative in this population.

A prospective, observational study.

Cardiac intensive care unit.

Twenty-two subjects in cardiogenic shock provided 101 paired CI measurements.

Measurements were obtained concomitantly by intermittent CI-TD and CI-MBA (Argos Cardiac Output Monitor; Retia Medical, Valhalla, NY). For each CI-TD, CI-MBA estimates were averaged over 1 minute to provide paired values. Bland-Altman and 4-quadrant analyses were performed by plotting changes between successive CI measurements (ΔCI) from each of the 2 methods. Concordance was calculated as a percentage using ΔCI data points from the 2 methods, outside an exclusion zone of 15%.

The correlation coefficient between CI-MBA and CI-TD was 0.78 across patients. Mean CI-TD was 2.19 ± 0.46 L/min/m² and mean CI-MBA was 2.38 ± 0.59 L/min/m². The mean difference between CI-MBA and CI-TD (bias ± SD) was 0.20 ± 0.47 L/min/m², and the limits of agreement were -0.72 to 1.11 L/min/m². The percentage error was 40.0%. The concordance rate was 94%. A secondary analysis of a subgroup of patients during periods of arrhythmia demonstrated a similar accuracy of performance of CI-MBA.

Cardiac index-MBA is not interchangeable with CI-TD. However, CI-MBA provides reasonable correlation and clinically acceptable trending ability compared with CI-TD. Cardiac output-MBA may be useful in trending changes in CI in patients with cardiogenic shock, especially in those whose pulmonary artery catheterization placement carries a high risk or is unobtainable.