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Related Concept Videos

Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

17.0K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.8K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
23.8K
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:01

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

2.8K
Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
2.8K
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

24.1K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
24.1K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.8K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.8K

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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Aging Property of Halide Solid Electrolyte at the Cathode Interface.

Wonju Kim1, Joohyeon Noh1, Sunyoung Lee1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Halide solid electrolytes in solid-state batteries degrade via reductive reactions with oxide cathodes over time. Unlike typical batteries, degradation is worse at lower states of charge, impacting long-term performance.

Keywords:
calendar agingcomposite cathode interfacehalide solid electrolytesintrinsic chemical reactivity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Batteries

Background:

  • Halide solid electrolytes offer high voltage and interfacial stability for solid-state batteries (SSBs).
  • Long-term aging at the cathode interface is critical for practical SSB deployment but remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the long-term calendar aging stability of halide solid electrolytes with layered oxide cathodes in SSBs.
  • Understand the degradation mechanisms and influencing factors for halide-based cathode interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Calendar aging experiments of halide solid electrolytes (e.g., Li3InCl6) with layered oxide cathodes (e.g., LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2).
  • Analysis of degradation at various states of charge and as-fabricated conditions.

Main Results:

  • Halide solid electrolytes exhibit unexpected reductive side reactions with oxide cathodes over extended aging.
  • Degradation is more pronounced at low states of charge or as-fabricated states, contrasting with typical lithium-ion batteries.
  • Formation of an interphase layer due to reductive decomposition is linked to cathode material and electrolyte interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term reductive instability, not oxidation, is a key aging factor for halide solid electrolytes at the cathode interface.
  • The unique aging behavior necessitates new strategies for developing stable, cathode-compatible halide solid electrolytes for SSBs.