Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

373
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
373
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

504
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
504
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

586
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
586
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

218
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
218
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

194
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
194
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

648
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
648

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Glycaemic variability and preserved performance in elite futsal players with type 1 diabetes.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026
Same author

Association of Continuous Glucose Monitoring with Glycaemic, Distress, and Quality of Life Outcomes in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Month Prospective Study.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026
Same author

Effects of microgravity on human physiology.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
Same author

Dulaglutide-associated body odor with dechallenge and rechallenge in a patient with type 2 diabetes.

International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same author

Readability of AI-Generated Patient Information on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.

JMIR bioinformatics and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring Enhances Weight Loss and Adherence in Women with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Incorporation of a Survivable Liver Biopsy Procedure in Mice to Assess Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis NASH Resolution
04:14

Incorporation of a Survivable Liver Biopsy Procedure in Mice to Assess Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis NASH Resolution

Published on: April 16, 2019

12.0K

Semaglutide-eye-catching results.

Maja Cigrovski Berkovic1, Felice Strollo2

  • 1Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. maja.cigrovskiberkovic@gmail.com.

World Journal of Diabetes
|May 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Semaglutide effectively treats type 2 diabetes and obesity but may worsen diabetic retinopathy due to rapid blood sugar reduction. Further research is needed to understand this effect and guide clinical use.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular benefitDiabetic retinopathyGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsMicrovascular complicationsRehabilitationSemaglutide

More Related Videos

An Alternative and Validated Injection Method for Accessing the Subretinal Space via a Transcleral Posterior Approach
07:13

An Alternative and Validated Injection Method for Accessing the Subretinal Space via a Transcleral Posterior Approach

Published on: December 7, 2016

13.4K
Preparation, Administration, and Assessment of In Vivo Tissue-Specific Cellular Uptake of Fluorescent Dye-Labeled Liposomes
08:44

Preparation, Administration, and Assessment of In Vivo Tissue-Specific Cellular Uptake of Fluorescent Dye-Labeled Liposomes

Published on: July 30, 2020

4.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Incorporation of a Survivable Liver Biopsy Procedure in Mice to Assess Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis NASH Resolution
04:14

Incorporation of a Survivable Liver Biopsy Procedure in Mice to Assess Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis NASH Resolution

Published on: April 16, 2019

12.0K
An Alternative and Validated Injection Method for Accessing the Subretinal Space via a Transcleral Posterior Approach
07:13

An Alternative and Validated Injection Method for Accessing the Subretinal Space via a Transcleral Posterior Approach

Published on: December 7, 2016

13.4K
Preparation, Administration, and Assessment of In Vivo Tissue-Specific Cellular Uptake of Fluorescent Dye-Labeled Liposomes
08:44

Preparation, Administration, and Assessment of In Vivo Tissue-Specific Cellular Uptake of Fluorescent Dye-Labeled Liposomes

Published on: July 30, 2020

4.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, treats type 2 diabetes and obesity, conditions reaching epidemic levels and increasing cardiovascular risk.
  • Coexistence of diabetes and obesity elevates patient risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality.
  • Semaglutide offers significant weight loss and cardiovascular benefits, making it crucial for high-risk individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of semaglutide's impact on diabetic retinopathy progression.
  • To explore the proposed mechanisms, including the role of rapid HbA1c reduction.
  • To provide clinical guidelines for semaglutide use pending further evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Minireview of existing clinical trial data, specifically the SUSTAIN program.
  • Analysis of reported safety data concerning diabetic retinopathy.
  • Synthesis of current explanations for the observed phenomenon.

Main Results:

  • The SUSTAIN trials noted progression and worsening of diabetic retinopathy with semaglutide use.
  • Rapid and significant reduction in HbA1c is a primary suspected factor, similar to effects seen with insulin and bariatric surgery.
  • The direct role of semaglutide versus the metabolic changes it induces is still under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Semaglutide's benefits in diabetes and obesity management are substantial, but potential ocular side effects require attention.
  • Understanding the link between semaglutide, HbA1c reduction speed, and retinopathy is critical for patient safety.
  • Clinical guidelines are proposed to optimize semaglutide utilization while awaiting more definitive research.