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Proventricular hyperplasia (malabsorption syndrome) in broiler chickens
Summary
A newly identified broiler syndrome causes poor feed conversion and delayed marketing. Research indicates trichothecene mycotoxins in feed are a likely cause, leading to proventricular enlargement and gizzard issues.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Animal Nutrition
- Toxicology
Background:
- A novel syndrome affecting broiler chickens has emerged in recent years across multiple regions.
- Key clinical signs include poor feed conversion and delayed market readiness.
- Pathological findings involve proventricular enlargement, gizzard erosion/dilatation, and reduced spleen/bursa size.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the etiology of the emerging broiler syndrome.
- To identify potential causative agents in affected broiler rations.
- To experimentally replicate the syndrome in broiler chicks.
Main Methods:
- Field samples of broiler feed were analyzed for the presence of trichothecenes.
- Broiler chicks were experimentally fed combinations of T-2 toxin with histamines and diamines.
- Clinical signs, gross lesions, and microscopic changes were monitored over 6 to 8 weeks.
Main Results:
- Trichothecenes were detected in feed samples from affected broiler operations.
- Experimental feeding of T-2 toxin with histamines and diamines successfully reproduced the syndrome.
- The induced syndrome mirrored the clinical and pathological features observed in field cases.
Conclusions:
- Trichothecene mycotoxins, specifically T-2 toxin, in combination with histamines and diamines, are implicated as the cause of the broiler syndrome.
- Contaminated feed poses a significant risk to broiler health and productivity.
- Further research into mycotoxin mitigation strategies in poultry feed is warranted.