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Which Children are Frequently Victimized in U.S. Elementary Schools? Population-based Estimates
Paul L Morgan1, Adrienne D Woods1, Yangyang Wang1
1Penn State.
School Mental Health
|May 1, 2023
Summary
Kindergarten externalizing behaviors predict later bullying victimization for all children. Hispanic and higher-income children showed protection against bullying, with sex differences in bullying types observed.
Area of Science:
- Child Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
- Sociology of Education
Background:
- Bullying victimization is a significant concern during childhood, impacting social and academic development.
- Identifying early risk and protective factors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
- Understanding how factors like behavior, socioeconomic status, and sex influence victimization risk is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk and protective factors for frequent bullying victimization in upper elementary grades.
- To analyze these factors in a large, population-based cohort of U.S. kindergarten children.
- To stratify analyses by biological sex to understand gender-specific patterns.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of a population-based cohort of 11,780 U.S. kindergarten children.
- Identification of risk and protective factors for verbal, social, reputational, and physical bullying victimization.
- Stratification of analyses by biological sex.
Main Results:
- Kindergarten externalizing problem behaviors significantly predicted increased risk of frequent victimization across all types for both boys and girls (ORs ranging from 1.60 to 1.93).
- Hispanic children and those from higher-income families demonstrated strong and consistent protection against victimization compared to non-Hispanic White children.
- Boys were more prone to physical bullying, while girls experienced higher rates of verbal, social, and reputational bullying.
Conclusions:
- Early externalizing behaviors are a robust predictor of later bullying victimization, highlighting the need for early intervention.
- Socioeconomic and ethnic factors play a significant protective role against bullying victimization.
- Distinct sex-based patterns in bullying types warrant tailored prevention and intervention approaches.
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