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Implementing microwave impedance microscopy in a dilution refrigerator.

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We developed an ultralow temperature scanning microwave microscope to image quantum anomalous Hall states in magnetic topological insulators. This platform visualizes conductive edge modes and topological phase transitions at the nanoscale.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • Quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) states are exotic topological states of matter.
  • Investigating QAH states requires advanced microscopy techniques capable of operating at extremely low temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement a novel scanning microwave impedance microscope (SMM) operating at millikelvin temperatures.
  • To demonstrate the capability of this SMM for imaging nanoscale quantum phenomena in topological materials.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a dilution refrigerator-based SMM with a base temperature of ~100 mK.
  • Utilized tuning-fork feedback control to achieve vibration noise as low as 1 nm.
  • Grown magnetic topological insulator thin films (Cr, V doped (Bi, Sb)2Te3 on mica).

Main Results:

  • Successfully imaged quantum anomalous Hall states in magnetic topological insulators.
  • Visualized conductive edge modes and topological phase transitions in Cr- and V-doped (Bi, Sb)2Te3 thin films.
  • Observed field-dependent behavior related to coercive fields of the magnetic dopants.

Conclusions:

  • Established an experimental platform for ultralow temperature nanoscale quantum investigations.
  • Demonstrated the SMM's effectiveness in visualizing complex quantum states in topological materials.
  • Opened new avenues for exploring quantum phenomena at the nanoscale.