Nursing Home Resident, Family, and Staff Perspectives on Achieving Comfort at End of Life: A Qualitative Study

Increasing numbers of US older adults die in long-term care facilities. This qualitative study explored nursing home resident, family member, and staff perspectives and preferences regarding end-of-life care for the resident. From 67 potential participants referred by staff, 47 were found eligible and consented, including 16 residents, 10 family members, and 20 staff. A semistructured questionnaire guided the interview process and included questions such as what matters most at the end of life and whether participants would opt for any of the 8 aggressive treatments proposed for a resident at the end of life. Data were analyzed using descriptive and pattern coding for thematic interpretation. The 3 themes that emerged were centrality of comfort, what matters most at the end of life, and promoting comfort. All participant groups overwhelmingly endorsed comfort as a priority. Some participants would accept aggressive treatment to alleviate suffering and promote comfort. Residents were concerned about the well-being of their families, whereas family members emphasized the importance of their presence and that their dying relatives were not suffering. Staff sometimes filled this role on their behalf. Ancillary staff emphasized bathing, dressing, and grooming the resident to preserve the resident's dignity. The results support comfort as a priority for care at the end of life and the need for more discussion to increase mutual agreement on goals of care and what promotes comfort for the resident and family.