Surface modification of cellulose with succinic anhydride in dimethyl sulfoxide using potassium carbonate as a
Nobuyuki Harada1, Hiroshi Uyama2
1Nippon Shokubai Research Alliance Laboratories, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Abstract:
Cellulose succinates (CSs) having degrees of substitution (DSs) ranging from 0.78 to 2.77 were successfully obtained by reacting cellulose with succinic anhydride (SA) in dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature using a small amount of inexpensive solid potassium carbonate as a catalyst. Interestingly, CSs with higher DS values were obtained with a much smaller amount of catalyst than previously reported. Moreover, it is possible to control the DS by tailoring the reaction time and mass ratio of cellulose/SA. The hydroxyl groups at the C-6, C-2, and C-3 positions were the main esterification positions. In this process, most of the raw materials are either incorporated into the product or are recoverable. The E-factor, which reflects the sustainability of a given process, was demonstrated to be reduced by 93% by recovering the raw materials.
Related Concept Videos
02:21Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate
02:37Oxidation of Alcohols
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
01:07Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis
01:14Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis
02:23Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
01:22Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones: Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation
The carbonyl center is...