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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Conservation Biology
  • Econometrics

Background:

  • Brazilian Amazon deforestation rates decreased significantly between 2004 and 2012 due to multiple conservation policies.
  • The Amazon Soy Moratorium (ASM), a private agreement among traders, aimed to halt soy cultivation on recently deforested land.
  • The precise impact of the ASM is unclear due to its overlap with other conservation initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and quantify the impact of the Amazon Soy Moratorium (ASM) on deforestation rates.
  • To assess the effectiveness of private conservation policies in reducing Amazon deforestation.
  • To understand the role of the ASM within Brazil's broader conservation landscape.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an econometric triple-differences model.
  • Analyzed remotely sensed deforestation data within Brazil's Arc of Deforestation.
  • Compared deforestation in soy-suitable areas affected by the ASM against a counterfactual control group.

Main Results:

  • The ASM reduced deforestation in soy-suitable areas by 0.66 ± 0.32 percentage points.
  • Prevented an estimated 18,000 ± 9,000 km² of deforestation between 2006 and 2016.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of private conservation agreements in specific contexts.

Conclusions:

  • The Amazon Soy Moratorium (ASM) proved effective in reducing deforestation, showcasing the potential of private sector conservation initiatives.
  • The ASM's success was contingent upon synergistic interactions with public policies, including property registries and monitoring systems.
  • Highlights the importance of integrated public-private approaches for successful environmental conservation.