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Gummy stem blight: One disease, three pathogens.

Rewa Seblani1, Anthony P Keinath2, Gary Munkvold1

  • 1Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.

Molecular Plant Pathology
|May 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Gummy stem blight (GSB) is a destructive cucurbit disease caused by three Stagonosporopsis species. Effective control is difficult due to pathogen resistance and lack of resistant cultivars.

Keywords:
Didymella bryoniaeStagonosporopsis caricaeStagonosporopsis citrulliStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearumgummy stem blight

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Mycology
  • Horticultural Science

Background:

  • Gummy stem blight (GSB) significantly impacts global cucurbit production.
  • The disease is caused by a complex of three morphologically similar fungal species within the genus Stagonosporopsis.
  • Challenges in GSB management include the absence of resistant cultivars and the pathogens' propensity to develop fungicide resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the Gummy Stem Blight (GSB) species complex.
  • To detail the morphological characteristics and pathogenicity of the causal agents.
  • To highlight the challenges and current understanding of GSB management.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological characterization of pycnidia, conidia, pseudothecia, and ascospores.
  • Review of host range and pathogenicity studies.
  • Discussion of molecular diagnostic tools, including species-specific PCR primers.
  • Analysis of disease symptomology and favorable environmental conditions.

Main Results:

  • The GSB complex comprises Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, S. citrulli, and S. caricae.
  • Detailed morphological descriptions of fungal structures are provided.
  • The complex is pathogenic to 37 cucurbit species across 21 genera, with S. caricae also affecting papaya and babaco-mirim.
  • Disease symptoms, including leaf spots and stem cankers with gummy exudates, appear 3-12 days post-germination.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of the GSB species complex is crucial for effective disease management.
  • Understanding the pathogen's biology and host range aids in developing targeted control strategies.
  • Continued research is needed to address fungicide resistance and develop resistant cucurbit varieties.