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Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Subcortical Gray Matter Microstructure and Volume in the Developing Brain
Richard Watts1, Lydia Rader2, Justin Grant3
1Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. richard.watts@yale.edu.
Behavior Genetics
|May 2, 2023
Summary
Genetic factors significantly influence brain structure in adolescents. This study found that additive genetic effects largely explain individual differences in gray matter microstructure and volumes of subcortical regions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Behavioral Genetics
- Developmental Neuroscience
Background:
- Subcortical gray matter regions are crucial for various cognitive functions.
- Understanding the genetic and environmental influences on brain development is essential for identifying neurodevelopmental trajectories.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genetic and environmental contributions to the microstructure and volume of nine subcortical gray matter regions in adolescents.
- To assess the genetic stability of these brain regions over a two-year period.
Main Methods:
- Utilized baseline and two-year follow-up data from monozygotic and dizygotic twins in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
- Assessed gray matter microstructure using diffusion MRI with restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) models.
- Analyzed regional volumes using neuroimaging techniques.
Main Results:
- High heritability estimates for microstructure were observed in the pallidum, putamen, and thalamus using the RSI model.
- Significant heritability was also found for the volumes of the caudate and putamen.
- Subcortical regions demonstrated high genetic stability (rA = 0.743-1.000) and unique environmental correlations (rE = 0.194-0.610) over time.
Conclusions:
- Individual differences in adolescent subcortical gray matter microstructure and volumes are predominantly explained by additive genetic effects.
- The findings highlight the substantial role of genetics in shaping brain structure during adolescence.
- Genetic factors play a significant role in the stability of subcortical brain structures during this developmental period.
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