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Olfactory Function and Olfactory Disorders.

T Hummel1, N Power Guerra2, N Gunder3

  • 1Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Riechen und Schmecken, HNO Klinik, TU Dresden.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory disorders, including smell loss (anosmia), significantly impact quality of life and require serious attention. Diagnosis and treatment options, like olfactory training, are available but require careful patient consultation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • The sense of smell is crucial for detecting danger, perceiving flavors, and overall quality of life.
  • Olfactory dysfunction, or anosmia, affects approximately 5% of the population and was highlighted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
  • Olfactory disorders stem from various causes including infections, trauma, chronic sinusitis, and aging, each with distinct prognoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of anosmia and olfactory disorders.
  • To review current diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for olfactory dysfunction.
  • To highlight the need for thorough patient history and consultation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on olfactory disorders.
  • Classification of olfactory disorders based on etiology.
  • Description of diagnostic tools including screening tests, multidimensional procedures, electrophysiology, and imaging.
  • Overview of therapeutic interventions such as olfactory training and drug therapies.

Main Results:

  • Quantitative olfactory disorders are diagnosable and traceable using various objective methods.
  • Qualitative olfactory disorders, such as parosmia, currently lack objective diagnostic procedures.
  • Effective therapeutic options exist, including olfactory training and adjunctive drug therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Anosmia and other olfactory disorders significantly affect quality of life and warrant serious medical consideration.
  • While quantitative olfactory disorders are diagnosable, qualitative disorders present diagnostic challenges.
  • Effective management involves thorough patient assessment, appropriate diagnostic tools, and established therapies like olfactory training.