Epididymal bilharzia simulating a testicular tumor: A case report

Bilharzia or schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease due to infestation by a hematophagous trematode of the genus Schistosoma. It is the second most frequent parasitic endemic in the world after malaria. The most frequent tissue infections are intestinal and genitourinary. Testicular localizations of schistosoma are very rare. When lesions become chronic, they present as non-specific masses, bilharziomas, posing enormous problems of differential diagnosis with other benign and malignant pathologies, which impacts management. We report a case of epididymal schistosomiasis in a 37 years old patient simulating a malignant tumor. This case allowed us to review the diagnostic difficulties of this rare localization and the challenges of management.