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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

45.3K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
45.3K
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

40.8K
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.5K
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

8.5K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
8.5K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

285
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
285
Hearing01:31

Hearing

52.6K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
52.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
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Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Published on: August 18, 2023

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Place Coding in the Human Cochlea.

Amit Walia, Amanda J Ortmann, Shannon Lefler

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |May 3, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study created the first in vivo human cochlear tonotopic map, revealing significant differences from existing models. This advances hearing technologies and understanding of auditory disorders.

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    Area of Science:

    • Auditory Neuroscience
    • Human Physiology
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Tonotopy, the frequency organization of the cochlea, is crucial for hearing.
    • Current understanding relies on animal/cadaver studies, lacking direct human in vivo data.
    • This gap limits advancements in hearing restoration technologies.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides the first direct in vivo evidence of human cochlear tonotopic organization.
    • Findings challenge the universal applicability of the Greenwood function for human cochlear implants.
    • This research has significant implications for cochlear implant design, hearing aid technology, and understanding auditory disorders.