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Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
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Phenotype control techniques for Boolean gene regulatory networks.

Daniel Plaugher1, David Murrugarra2

  • 1Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|May 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Boolean networks (BNs) model cell signaling for phenotype control. This review compares control methods like algebraic approaches and feedback vertex sets, using a T-LGL Leukemia cancer model to assess efficiency and challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology and Computational Biology
  • Molecular Biology and Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Boolean networks (BNs) are established for modeling cell signal transduction pathways and intracellular communications.
  • BNs offer a coarse-grained approach to understanding molecular communications and targeting pathway components for long-term system outcome alteration.
  • This approach is central to phenotype control theory.

Conclusions:

  • The review consolidates understanding of phenotype control theory in gene regulatory networks.
  • Identifies challenges in control complexity and software availability for implementing these techniques.
  • Suggests avenues for more efficient control searches in biological systems.