Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

3.3K
Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
3.3K
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

3.7K
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
3.7K
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

4.7K
Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
4.7K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.4K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.4K
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

5.8K
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
5.8K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

4.6K
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Getting nuclear size just right - emerging mechanisms regulating nuclear scaling and morphology.

Journal of cell science·2026
Same author

Epidermal cell fusion promotes the transition from an embryonic to a larval transcriptome in C. elegans.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Ultrastructural Visualization of the Nuclear Envelope in HeLa Cells.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2025
Same author

How the chromatin landscape influences nuclear morphology.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2025
Same author

Proteasome inhibition induces microtubule-dependent changes in nuclear morphology.

iScience·2025
Same author

Organelle Communication with the Nucleus.

Results and problems in cell differentiation·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

13.4K

Nuclear growth and import can be uncoupled.

Pan Chen1, Sampada Mishra2, Daniel L Levy2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|May 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear growth is not solely driven by nuclear import. Chromatin density and lamin incorporation, influenced by chromatin mechanics, are key factors, with nuclear import playing a tuning role.

More Related Videos

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation
14:27

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation

Published on: August 8, 2016

8.4K
Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
11:32

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

15.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

13.4K
A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation
14:27

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation

Published on: August 8, 2016

8.4K
Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
11:32

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

15.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Nuclear growth is essential for cell division and function.
  • The role of nuclear import in driving nuclear growth is not fully understood.
  • Previous studies suggest a link between nuclear import and nuclear size.

Approach:

  • Investigated nuclei assembly in Xenopus egg extract.
  • Utilized live imaging to observe nuclear growth dynamics.
  • Manipulated DNA content and chromatin modifications to assess their impact.
  • Examined lamin incorporation and chromatin density in relation to nuclear growth.

Key Points:

  • Nuclear growth depends on nuclear import, but they can be uncoupled.
  • Fragmented DNA or increased DNA content affects nuclear growth rates and import.
  • Altering chromatin modifications impacts nuclear growth independently of import rates.
  • In vivo studies in sea urchin embryos show increased nuclear growth with heterochromatin without increased import.
  • Nuclear growth preferentially occurs at sites of high chromatin density and lamin addition.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear import is not the primary driver of nuclear growth.
  • Chromatin mechanical properties, influenced by nuclear import, drive lamin incorporation and nuclear growth.
  • A new model suggests chromatin mechanics are central to nuclear size regulation.