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Erythema Infectiosum: A Narrative Review
Alexander K C Leung1, Joseph M Lam2, Benjamin Barankin3
1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Current Pediatric Reviews
|May 3, 2023
Summary
Erythema infectiosum, caused by parvovirus B19, presents with a characteristic "slapped cheek" rash and lacy exanthem. Physicians must recognize its diverse manifestations and potential complications, especially in vulnerable populations.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatrics
- Dermatology
Background:
- Erythema infectiosum, commonly known as Fifth disease, is a widespread childhood illness.
- Accurate clinical diagnosis is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis and mismanagement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To educate physicians on the varied clinical presentations of erythema infectiosum.
- To highlight the spectrum of complications associated with parvovirus B19 infection.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed.
- Included clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published in English within the last decade.
Main Results:
- Parvovirus B19 causes erythema infectiosum, primarily affecting children aged 4-10.
- The rash typically appears in three stages: 'slapped cheek,' maculopapular rash with lacy appearance, and intermittent recurrence.
- Adults may present with atypical rashes, and complications include arthritis and aplastic crisis.
Conclusions:
- Erythema infectiosum is characterized by a 'slapped cheek' rash and a lacy exanthem.
- Physicians must be aware of the broad clinical spectrum and potential complications of parvovirus B19.
- Special consideration is needed for immunocompromised, anemic, or pregnant individuals.
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