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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

241
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
241
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

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Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
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Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
14:58

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

9.8K

Update on pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.

William Salibe-Filho1, Francini Rossetto de Oliveira1, Mario Terra-Filho1

  • 1. Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor - Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil.

Jornal Brasileiro De Pneumologia : Publicacao Oficial Da Sociedade Brasileira De Pneumologia E Tisilogia
|May 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), often linked to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), require prompt diagnosis and intervention. Contrast echocardiography, CT scans, and embolization are key for managing PAVMs and preventing complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Radiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal connections between pulmonary arteries and veins.
  • The primary cause is hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a genetic disorder.
  • HHT involves mutations in the ENG or ACVRL1/ALK1 genes, leading to HHT type 1 or 2.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on PAVM presentations, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Diagnostic tools include contrast echocardiography and chest CT.
  • Management strategies encompass embolization and specific considerations for pregnancy.

Key Points:

  • Recurrent epistaxis, anemia, or hypoxemia warrant evaluation for PAVMs.
  • Embolization is the preferred treatment for hypoxemia and preventing systemic infections.
  • Regular CT follow-up (3-5 years) and prophylactic antibiotics are crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of PAVMs by healthcare professionals can significantly alter the disease's natural course.
  • Understanding PAVMs is vital for effective clinical management.
  • Proactive management, including follow-up imaging and antibiotic prophylaxis, improves patient outcomes.