Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

164
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance.
164
Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

355
Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured...
355
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

3.0K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
3.0K
Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section01:21

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

286
When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
286
Curvilinear Motion: Normal and Tangential Components01:27

Curvilinear Motion: Normal and Tangential Components

433
When a car traverses a curved road, its motion can be elucidated by breaking it down into tangential and normal components. The car-centric coordinates attached to the vehicle move with it.
The positive direction of the t-axis aligns with the increasing position of the car along the curved path, denoted by the unit vector ut. Simultaneously, the n-axis, perpendicular to the t-axis, dissects the curved path into differential arc segments, each forming the arc of a circle with a radius of...
433
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes - Acceleration01:22

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes - Acceleration

363
Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame. The absolute velocity of point B is determined by adding the absolute velocity of point A, the relative velocity of point B in the rotating frame, and the effects caused by the angular velocity within the rotating frame.
Time differentiation is...
363

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unveiling the Structural Modifications of Cyanines to Target G‑Quadruplex DNA through Biophysical, Computational, and Transcriptome Analyses.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Halogenation of nucleic acid structures: from chemical biology to supramolecular chemistry.

RSC chemical biology·2025
Same author

Smart Type I Squaraine Nano-Photosensitizer Combined with MnO<sub>2</sub> for Tumor-Targeted and Ferroptosis-Induced Immunogenic Photodynamic Therapy.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Deciphering the Interplay Between G-Quadruplexes and Natural/Synthetic Polyamines.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2024
Same author

How reliable is the evaluation of DNA binding constants? Insights and best practices based on an inter-laboratory fluorescence titration study.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2024
Same author

Acidic Lysosome-Anchoring Croconium-Based Nanoplatform for Enhanced Triple-Mode Bioimaging and Fe<sup>3+</sup>-Triggered Tumor Synergistic Therapy.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity
05:46

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity

Published on: September 20, 2024

483

Exact formula to relate optical path differences and transversal aberration components.

Alberto Cordero-Dávila, Diego Gabriel Reyes-Olguín, Jorge González-García

    Applied Optics
    |May 3, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    An exact equation relating optical path differences (OPD) and transversal aberration components (TAC) was derived. This new equation clarifies that standard Zernike defocus polynomials are not exact solutions for OPD defocus.

    More Related Videos

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
    12:14

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

    Published on: August 12, 2013

    21.8K
    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    10.0K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 31, 2025

    Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity
    05:46

    Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity

    Published on: September 20, 2024

    483
    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
    12:14

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

    Published on: August 12, 2013

    21.8K
    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    10.0K

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Aberration Theory
    • Wavefront Analysis

    Background:

    • Optical path differences (OPD) are crucial for understanding image quality.
    • Transversal aberration components (TAC) describe ray deviations in optical systems.
    • Existing models may not fully capture the exact relationship between OPD and TAC.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To derive an exact equation linking optical path differences (OPD) with transversal aberration components (TAC).
    • To investigate the validity of Zernike polynomials as solutions for OPD defocus.
    • To establish an accurate formula for defocus OPD.

    Main Methods:

    • Derivation of an exact OPD-TAC equation.
    • Analysis of the Rayces formula and introduction of a longitudinal aberration coefficient.
    • Establishing a general relationship between wavefront shape and OPD.
    • Derivation of an exact formula for defocus OPD.

    Main Results:

    • An exact equation relating OPD and TAC was determined, reproducing the Rayces formula.
    • The defocus orthonormal Zernike polynomial (Z_DF) was found not to be an exact solution for the OPD-TAC equation.
    • An exact formula for defocus OPD was established, proving to be the only exact solution to the OPD-TAC equation.

    Conclusions:

    • The derived OPD-TAC equation provides a more accurate description of optical aberrations.
    • Standard Zernike defocus polynomials are approximations and not exact solutions for OPD defocus.
    • The exact defocus OPD formula is essential for precise wavefront analysis and optical system design.